LCR stocks a variety of compounds including Nickel Sulfamate and also handles many types and forms of non-ferrous secondaries including, fines, slags, residues, sludges, ashes etc. containing: Co, Cu, Mo, Ni, V, W, Zn.
Nickel is a chemical element with the symbol Ni and atomic number 28. It is a silvery-white lustrous metal with a slight golden tinge. Nickel belongs to the transition metals and is hard and ductile. Pure nickel, powdered to maximize the reactive surface area, shows a significant chemical activity, but larger pieces are slow to react with air under standard conditions because an oxide layer forms on the surface and prevents further corrosion (passivation). Even so, pure native nickel is found in Earth’s crust only in tiny amounts, usually in ultramafic rocks, and in the interiors of larger nickel–iron meteorites that were not exposed to oxygen when outside Earth’s atmosphere.
Extraction and purification
Sulfamate nickel plating is used for many engineering applications. It is deposited for dimensional corrections, abrasion and wear resistance, high efficiency coating and corrosion protection. It is also used as an undercoat for chromium.
| Chemical name | Formula | Bath concentration | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Metric | US | ||
| Nickel sulfamate | Ni(SO3NH2)2 | 300-450 g/l | 40–60 oz/gal |
| Nickel chloride | NiCl2·6H2O | 0-30 g/l | 0–4 oz/gal |
| Boric acid | H3BO3 | 30-45 g/l | 4–6 oz/gal |
Operating conditions
- Temperature: 40-60 °C
- Cathode current density: 2-25 A/dm2
- pH: 3.5-4.5
Nickel Sulfamate, a compound used extensively in electroplating, is a crucial player in various industries due to its unique properties and applications. It offers superior corrosion and wear resistance, temperature resistance, high tensile strength, ductility, machinability, and solderability [2]. This means that sulfamate nickel increases the workpiece’s ability to stretch without breaking, proving beneficial in processes such as sheet metal fabrication [2].
Beyond being versatile and compatible with a wide range of substrates, Nickel Sulfamate is also cost-effective [3]. It enables high-speed plating with impressive results, making it an optimal choice for industries looking for cost and time-efficient solutions [3].
One of the primary applications of Nickel Sulfamate is serving as a diffusion barrier in non-ferrous metals and their alloys [1]. It is efficient from a layer thickness of 2µm and boasts a hardness of approximately 200 HV [1]. This makes it an excellent choice for industries that require materials with a high degree of hardness and resistance.
Nickel Sulfamate is also used in joining applications, component repair, and the manufacture of electronic and electroforming products [2]. Its solderability and machinability properties make it a popular choice in these applications.
Furthermore, Nickel Sulfamate offers enhanced protection against corrosion, wear, and temperature, making it suitable for a wide array of manufacturing applications [2]. Its ability to function as a protective undercoat for precious metals showcases its versatility and utility in different fields [2].
In conclusion, Nickel Sulfamate’s unique properties, broad range of applications, and cost-effectiveness make it a valuable material in various industries. Its role in enhancing the durability and longevity of products cannot be overstated, cementing its importance in the manufacturing and electroplating sectors.
Who Are We?
LCR aims to offer commercially competitive recycling options with an emphasis on environmentally sound management including assistance with notification procedures where necessary. We are partnered with fully licenced recycling facilities in Europe and the Far East.
The spent catalysts are recycled and used to produce high-quality metal salts for final applications including new catalyst manufacture, pigments and CO2 removal processes.
However the importance of environmentally sound recycling options has grown significantly in recent years due to the pressure both legislatively and environmentally. National and international requirements for spent catalyst generators have forced refiners to comply with increasingly restrictive legislation.
This situation has now been exacerbated by the downturn in the metal markets worldwide. For example, from 2003 until 2013 the price of Molybdenum, the main metal of value in HDS catalyst, remained above $10 per lb, peaking at over $45 per lb in 2004.
Offering Something Different
But since the end of 2013, the price has fallen to below $ 5 per lb and despite the recent recovery to above $8 per lb the future remains unclear. The major usage for Molybdenum is in the steel industry and due to the downturn in the steel market, particularly in China, supply far outstrips demand and until the industry recovers prices are likely to remain low. At these low prices we have recently witnessed a number of spent catalyst recycling facilities being unable to make a profit and choosing to exit the market. In some cases the decision has been to mothball their facilities in the hope of re-entering the market at a later date but others have been forced into permanent closure. Spent catalyst has gone from being an easily traded by-product to something of little or no value leaving refiners with fewer and fewer options and even having to consider landfill rather than recycling.
Recycling Solutions
In our opinion, there should only be one answer – recycling. In a world of declining natural resources, sustainable resource management through recycling must be the chosen path wherever possible. We understand that landfilling what in most cases is a classified hazardous waste, may in the short term save some costs but it can also have a negative impact on the industry, particularly if an acceptable recycling alternative is available. But how can the refiner make an informed decision if they are not in possession of all the facts required to make the decision and do not have the necessary know-how to act upon it? We believe that the solution is to partner with a company whose business is not oil refining but is in recycling and who have the knowledge, experience and understanding required.
We at London Chemicals & Resources Ltd have over 10 years’ experience of offering generators of spent catalyst customised solutions for their spent catalyst.
For more about us, please click here.
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Contact Us
If you would like to speak to someone directly about our Nickel Sulfamate, please call us on +44 (0)20 7183 0651 or visit our contact page, or contact us via LinkedIn and we will be happy to answer any of your questions.
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